Learning Roman Numerals
Basic Roman Numeral Symbols
Let's start with the basic symbols used in Roman numerals:
I
1
V
5
X
10
L
50
C
100
D
500
M
1000
Rules for Writing Roman Numerals
Additive Notation
When writing larger numbers, we use combination of symbols:
II = 2
III = 3
VI = 6
VII = 7
XII = 12
XVI = 16
Subtractive Notation
Sometimes we place a smaller value before a larger one to subtract:
IV = 4
IX = 9
XL = 40
XC = 90
CD = 400
CM = 900
Repetition Rules
Some important rules about repeating symbols:
- A symbol can be repeated up to three times (III is valid, IIII is not)
- V, L, and D are never repeated
- Subtractive combinations (like IV) are never repeated
Ready to Practice?
Try your skills with our practice exercises: